Vaginal Discharge
Vaginal discharge can be normal or abnormal depending on the amount, color, smell, and associated symptoms. Persistent change, irritation, pain, bleeding, or discharge after menopause should be assessed by a clinician.
Cervical Cancer
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Abnormal vaginal bleeding can happen for many reasons, from hormone changes and benign conditions to problems that need urgent medical review. This page explains when bleeding should be evaluated and how clinicians investigate the cause.
Cervical Cancer: What Tests and Treatment Will I Need?
What happens after a cervical cancer diagnosis? Understand MRI, CT and PET-CT, treatment by stage, surgery, chemoradiation, fertility and next steps.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy uses medicines aimed at specific cancer pathways or biomarkers rather than treating all fast-growing cells in the same way. This page explains when it may be used, how treatment is planned, possible side effects, and when urgent medical review is needed.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that helps the immune system recognize and respond to cancer cells. This page explains when it may be used, how treatment is monitored, possible side effects, and when urgent medical review is needed.
Vaginal Cancer Treatment: Radiation, Surgery and What to Expect
Radiation therapy is the primary treatment for most vaginal cancers. Surgery plays a role in select cases. A gynaecological oncologist explains the treatment landscape.
Vaginal Cancer: A Rare but Treatable Gynaecological Malignancy
Primary vaginal cancer accounts for only 1–2% of gynaecological cancers. But when symptoms are recognised early, outcomes can be excellent.
Postmenopausal Bleeding: When Is It a Sign of Uterine Cancer?
Bleeding after menopause is the most common early sign of womb cancer, yet most women who have it do not have cancer. What raises the chance, and how doctors find out.
Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer: Surgical Options and Recovery
For early-stage cervical cancer, surgery is the primary treatment. Here is what different surgical approaches involve and what patients can expect in recovery.
Cervical Cancer Prevention: HPV Vaccination, Pap Smear and Early Detection
Vaccinated women still need cervical screening. Understand current guidance, HPV and Pap tests, and what new research on less-frequent screening actually means.